What is Hantavirus?

Hantavirus disease is a rare, but potentially fatal infection spread by deer mice and possibly by other rodents. It is transmitted to people when they inhale airborne particles contaminated by the saliva or excretions of infected rodents. Controlling rodents, identifying sources of infection, cleaning buildings and work sites and minimizing exposures will reduce the risk of infection. Flu-like or pneumonia symptoms following potential exposures to sources of infection should be promptly reported to a doctor for treatment.

It begins as a flu-like illness. The initial symptoms include fever, muscle aches, cough, headaches, nausea and vomiting. As the disease worsens, pneumonia symptoms may develop. Fluid builds up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. Death may occur at this stage.

The initial symptoms of the disease may appear from one to six weeks after the exposure, with an average of from two to three weeks. Once the initial symptoms appear, the disease can progress rapidly and become life-threatening within a few days.

Treatment

People who develop fever or respiratory illness within 6 weeks of potential exposure to sources of infection should immediately seek medical attention. The physician should be informed of the potential exposure and of the suspected risk of Hantavirus disease. Persons with the disease will require intensive, supportive care to treat the symptoms.